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ESS Battery Safety: Differences and Complementarity of IEC 62619 and UL 9540A

IEC 62619 focuses on cell and system-level safety for industrial secondary lithium batteries, including thermal, short-circuit, overcharge, crush, and impact tests. UL 9540A evaluates thermal runaway propagation at the ESS level. Both are often required by target markets and should be combined based on sales regions.